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Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz or Plaza Lorenzo Ruiz () is a major public square in Binondo, Manila, bounded by Quintin Paredes Street (formerly Calle Rosario) to the east and Juan Luna Street (formerly Calle Anloague) to the west, parallel to the Estero de Binondo. It is the plaza that fronts the Minor Basilica of San Lorenzo Ruiz (Binondo Church), one of the main churches of the City of Manila, and is considered the center of Binondo as a whole. Originally called the Plaza de Binondo, and then Plaza Carlos IV after Charles IV of Spain, the plaza was eventually renamed Plaza Calderón de la Barca (often shortened to Plaza Calderón), after the famous Spanish playwright. It is believed that the plaza may have been renamed after Calderón either by the then-sitting Governor-General, or by the Dominican friars who were at the time running the Binondo Church, who had adored his works. The plaza was renamed after Lorenzo Ruiz, one of the Martyrs of Japan and the protomartyr of the Philippines, on September 12, 1981, by virtue of Batas Pambansa Blg. 133.〔Republic of the Philippines. (Enacted: September 12, 1981). (Batas Pambansa Blg. 133 - An Act to Rename Plaza Calderon de la Barca and the San Fernando Bridge, Both Located in Binondo, Manila, as Plaza Lorenzo Ruiz and Lorenzo Ruiz Bridge, Respectively, In Honor of the Filipino Proto-martyr ). Retrieved July 4, 2013 from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.〕 ==History== In 1594, the town of Binondo was established on the northern bank of the Pasig River by then Governor-General Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas as a settlement for Chinese migrants arriving in Manila. With urban planning not as strict as that of Intramuros, compounded by the geography of the newly established settlement which is bounded by numerous streams which drain into the Pasig River, Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz was created to serve as the largest plaza of the settlement, directly fronting the Binondo Church.〔 Similar to Plaza Moriones in Tondo, the plaza was originally an open grass field. During the Spanish colonial period, the plaza was a hub for economic activity, and was even described by Teodoro Agoncillo as "one of the most impressive open spaces of old Manila".〔 The plaza was surrounded by trees and tipped with two large fountains,〔 both of which still stand today. With the completion of the Binondo Church in 1854, trade around the area increased, and several large buildings and mansions were built around the plaza. Economic activity continued to grow in Binondo during American rule, and the plaza was a busy center of activity alongside other major plazas in Manila.〔 The plaza was also well-served by Manila's pre-World War II tram network. While the plaza was spared from the Battle of Manila in 1945, and economic activity in Binondo recovered thereafter, the area around the plaza started declining around the 1960s, when most business activity shifted from Manila to Makati and Cubao in Quezon City. By the 1980s, the plaza (and the area in general) was in serious decline, even becoming a repository for monuments moved from nearby Plaza Cervantes and Plaza Goiti (now Plaza Lacson), which were cleared to make room for parking space.〔 In 1990, the Manila City Council passed an ordinance prohibiting parking around the immediate vicinity of the plaza in a bid to alleviate chronic traffic congestion.〔City of Manila. (Promulgated: September 14, 1990). (An Ordinance Declaring the Immediate Surrounding of Certain Plazas and Circles as Non-Parking Areas for All Kinds of Land Transportation; and Providing Penalty for Violation Thereof ). Retrieved July 5, 2013 from the ''Manila Standard.〕 In 2005, Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz was redeveloped by the Manila city government during the tenure of Lito Atienza, with help from the Metrobank Foundation, which donated ₱3 million for the project. Another redevelopment was completed in 2014, under the tenure of Joseph Estrada. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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